Zamora-Ros R., Knaze V., Rothwell J.A., Hmon B., Moskal A., Overvad K., Tjnneland A., Kyr C., Fagherazzi G., Boutron-Ruault M.C., et al. However, all the authors agree that further studies are necessary so as to confirm these results. Scientists often disagree about certain things. As in the previous study, the onset of soy isoflavones was very slow in comparison with other non-hormonal treatments. Isoflavones were the phytoestrogens used in most of the studies; therefore, the meta-analysis only included outcomes regarding isoflavones, while outcomes with other phytoestrogens were not included. In a more recent systematic review, including two meta-analyses, as well as one multicenter and randomized controlled trial, Chen and his team concluded that isoflavones reduced lumbar spine bone mineral density loss [53]. Most would agree that the daily rising and falling of the moon, along with the monthly waxing and waning cycles, have effects on our oceans and seas. They are present in several vegetables, mainly in legumes such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans. Regarding endometrial cancer, three prospective and five case-control studies were analyzed, which suggested a lower endometrial cancer risk associated with isoflavone consumption. In view of these results, we can conclude that there is scientific evidence that supports the beneficial effect of isoflavones on bone health and thus in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. van der Schouw Y.T., Kreijkamp-Kaspers S., Peeters P.H., Keinan-Boker L., Rimm E.B., Grobbee D.E. Hosoda K., Furuta T., Yokokawa A., Ishii K. Identification and quantification of daidzein-7-glucuronide-4-sulfate, genistein-7-glucuronide-4-sulfate and genistein-4,7-diglucuronide as major metabolites in human plasma after administration of kinako. Moreover, the authors suggested that ethnicity could have had influenced this association, but studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Gee J.M., DuPont M.S., Day A.J., Plumb G.W., Williamson G., Johnson I.T. Schmidt M., Arjomand-Wlkart K., Birkhuser M.H., Genazzani A.R., Gruber D.M., Huber J., Klbl H., Kreft S., Leodolter S., Linsberger D., et al. (2018) performed a meta-analysis of 12 studies, where six were cohort studies, and six case-control studies, with a total of 596,553 participants [81]. From laboratory experiments, it's known that light intensities as low as 0.1 lux (approximately 0.01 foot-candle) during the night can influence photoperiodic time measurement in some plants and animals. As previously mentioned, soybeans and their derived foodstuffs are the main isoflavone sources in the human diet, at least if we do not consider red clover extract supplements, which are being widely used by menopausal women as nutraceutical therapy [13]. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (, isoflavones, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, soy, bone health, cardiovascular risk, cancer, menopausal symptoms. You et al. and J.T. Perna S., Peroni G., Miccono A., Riva A., Morazzoni P., Allegrini P., Preda S., Baldiraghi V., Guido D., Rondanelli M. Multidimensional Effects of Soy Isoflavone by Food or Supplements in Menopause Women: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. ; Funding Acquisition, M.P.P. For this reason, the bioavailability of isoflavones has been extensively characterized in animal models and humans [25,26,27]. This is mainly due to their potential adverse effects, which range from increased coronary heart disease to stroke and cancer [53,85]. Indeed, some authors speculate that hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activity may have been altered after variable isoflavone intake from soybean, although no experimental data were provided [67]. Conceptualization, S.G.-Z. Rienks J., Barbaresko J., Nthlings U. On the contrary, a systematic review and meta-analysis reported by Man et al. Heinonen S., Whl K., Adlercreutz H. Identification of isoflavone metabolites dihydrodaidzein, dihydrogenistein, 6-OH-O-dma, and cis-4-OH-equol in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy using authentic reference compounds. PV panels have been linked . Received 2020 Nov 30; Accepted 2020 Dec 15. Study duration ranged from four weeks to two years, with a median of 12 weeks. Simental-Menda L.E., Gotto A.M., Atkin S.L., Banach M., Pirro M., Sahebkar A. It has been described that after the oral intake of isoflavones, their peak plasma concentration in humans occurs at around seven hours [33]. Anywise, it has been observed that both isoflavones are demethylated by microbiota, formononetin to daidzein and biochanin A to genistein. The four chemical forms of the three most abundant isoflavones. Due to the presence of biologically active compounds, walnut was used in the . Effects of isoflavones in different cancer types. Thus, the EFSA scientific committees opinion agreed that isoflavone intake was safe, at least in the doses that the analyzed studies have used. Science is Knowledge Space & Physics The Effects of Moonlight May 22, 1858 Professor Piazza Smyth, the Astronomer Royal for Scotland, in his interesting account of a recent scientific. Thus, its consumption, according to epidemiological and clinical studies, has been postulated to be related to a decrease in the risk of different diseases. Perez-Cornago A., Appleby P.N., Boeing H., Gil L., Kyr C., Ricceri F., Murphy N., Trichopoulou A., Tsilidis K.K., Khaw K.T., et al. Daily et al. Chen L.R., Ko N.Y., Chen K.H. In general terms, caution should be exercised with the use of high doses of isoflavones in women with a family history of breast cancer [49]. (2018) published a meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies (two studies from Japan with 241 cases and 503 controls, and five studies from Europe with 2828 cases and 5593 controls) [75]. Soy products (0.05130 g/day) and total isoflavones (0.28 to 63 mg/day). This article was originally published with the title "The Effects of Moonlight" in Scientific American 13, 37, 289 (May 1858), doi:10.1038/scientificamerican05221858-289, Daryl G. Kimball and Frank von Hippel | Opinion. Regarding blood pressure, inconsistent results were reported in three further interventional studies (n = 406 healthy, postmenopausal or obese participants aged 5079 years) either in diastolic or systolic blood pressure, after a supplementation with soy-protein. In this line, three meta-analyses were conducted to study isoflavone consumption and endometrial cancer risk. Day A.J., Caada F.J., Daz J.C., Kroon P.A., Mclauchlan R., Faulds C.B., Plumb G.W., Morgan M.R., Williamson G. Dietary flavonoid and isoflavone glycosides are hydrolysed by the lactase site of lactase phlorizin hydrolase. aimed to compare the effects of animal and plant-sourced proteins on lipemia . The two systematic reviews conclude that isoflavones have an important role in reducing hot flushes [52,53], although some observations need to be pointed out. Moreover, an increase in thyroid hormone levels after isoflavone intake by food supplements has not been observed, and no side effects were confirmed with regard to the endometrial thickness or histopathological changes in the uterus. EFSA Pannel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food (ANS) Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food su pplements containing isola ted isoflavones. 1Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; sue.uhe@zemog.aoias (S.G.-Z. The enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) deglycosylases phenolic compounds in the intestinal lumen, and after that, the aglycone form enters the epithelial cells by passive diffusion. Equol is produced from the isoflavone daidzein by intestinal bacteria, mainly in the large intestine. Furthermore, among the four studies of breast cancer recurrence, three studies found that isoflavone intake decreased the risk of breast cancer recurrence, although further studies are required to confirm this finding [82]. In this sense, the authors suggested that the composition of the gut microflora may influence isoflavone absorption and metabolism and could affect the production of isoflavone metabolites, which, in turn, could mediate their biological activity. Gruber C.J., Tschugguel W., Schneeberger C., Huber J.C. Production and actions of estrogens. Since hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase hydrolyze triglycerides into their constituents glycerol and fatty acids, their activation results in the delivery of the fatty acids to tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Further, Chalvon-Demersay et al. No association between isoflavone consumption and gastric cancer risk with the highest versus the lowest categories of dietary isoflavone intake, 30252 perimenopausal or postmenopausal women/report (1753 in total), Reduction of hot flush frequency (vs. placebo), Slight and slow attenuation of hot flushes (vs. estradiol), Slight and slow attenuation of hot flushes (vs. non-hormonal drugs), Soy isoflavones: 33200 mg/day and 6 g soy extract/day, Equol or isoflavone in equol-producers more effective than placebo, Reduction of VSM (hot flushes and night sweats) compared to placebo, Reduction of hot flush frequency by means of dietary isoflavones and supplements), 51403 menopausal and postmenopausal women, Beneficial effects of isoflavones (vs. placebo), 40403 menopausal and postmenopausal women. Daily J.W., Ko B.S., Ryuk J., Liu M., Zhang W., Park S. Equol Decreases Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Contrary to other types of renewable energies, such as wind and hydroelectricity, evidence on the effects of PV panels on biodiversity has been building up only fairly recently. government site. The authors reported that isoflavone intake from soy products and legumes was associated with a 19% reduction in endometrial cancer risk. The mean age of women ranged from 49 to 58.3 and 48 to 60.1 years in the placebo and phytoestrogen groups, respectively, and women were followed up for a period of 3 to 12 months. 8600 Rockville Pike Regarding the effect of specific isoflavones, they suggested that genistein, alone or in combination with daidzein, improved bone density and bone turnover in women after menopause. Comparative efficacy of nonhormonal drugs on menopausal hot flashes. Thanks for reading Scientific American. The light of the moon also influences animals that are active in daytime. Equol has been considered as the most interesting colonic metabolite due to its beneficial biological activity, which differs from that of its precursor, daidzein [13,38,39]. Some gardening folklore suggests that planting crops according to the phases of the moon will give you a better harvest, but there is little scientific evidence to back this up. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Produced metabolites appear in plasma at variable concentrations and can enter enterohepatic circulation [28]. (2018) revised 13 epidemiologic studies involving 178,947 participants: 7067 cases and 171,880 controls; among them, three were prospective cohort studies, and ten were population-based case-control studies [71]. Acid rain leaches aluminum from the soil. The results showed no significant association between isoflavone consumption and gastric cancer risk, with the highest (0.675.5 mg/day) versus the lowest (0.0120.1 mg/day) categories of dietary isoflavone intake. Effects of isoflavones in bone health maintenance. Nevertheless, the results do not seem entirely conclusive, as there are discrepancies among the studies included in the systematic reviews and in the meta-analyses, probably related to their experimental designs. "It's not. For this purpose, 23 studies with 2167 patients were included in this meta-analysis, which showed that a daily dose of more than 54 mg could decrease the endometrial thickness in North American women, whereas the contrary effect was observed in the Asian sample. Plants grow best when the moon is in the waxing phase, when its gravitational pull is strongest. Applegate C.C., Rowles J.L., Ranard K.M., Jeon S., Erdman J.W. May affect males and females differently A 2015 study of 205 people found that the full moon may affect sleep differently in males and females. Yu Y., Jing X., Li H., Zhao X., Wang D. Soy isoflavone consumption and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The water in the ocean on the side of the Earth closest to the moon experiences a larger gravitational attraction than the water on the opposite side. Nevertheless, the metabolism of formononetin and biochanin A, the main isoflavones in red clover, has been less studied due to their limited presence in foodstuffs. The meta-analysis included 15 studies in which the number of participants ranged from 30 to 252. In addition, it is important to highlight that interindividual differences in gut bacterial populations are responsible for the diverse effects of isoflavones in humans. Wang X., Dykens J.A., Perez E., Liu R., Yang S., Covey D.F., Simpkins J.W. The most significant food source of isoflavones in humans is soy-derived products. This fact does not seem to be influenced by genetics since migrating from eastern to western countries appears to cause the loss of this protective effect. However, the results do not seem entirely conclusive, for there are discrepancies among the studies, probably related to their experimental designs. (2015), the authors examined the efficacy of phytoestrogens in reducing hot flushes [86]. Chadha R., Bhalla Y., Jain A., Chadha K., Karan M. Dietary Soy Isoflavone: A Mechanistic Insight. These two associations were significant for postmenopausal participants. The authors indicated that no consensus was found regarding the protective effects of soy isoflavones (2080 mg) and equol (10 mg) on bone resorption. Furthermore, isoflavones are associated with proteins; thus, alcohol extraction and processing diminish isoflavone content in foodstuffs such as fermented soybean, tofu or soy beverages. (2016) published a meta-analysis of 13 case-control and four prospective cohort studies, where the results revealed that soy isoflavone consumption reduced the risk of developing colorectal cancer by 23% [79]. The authors observed that soy isoflavone consumption was inversely associated with cancer deaths. Grosso et al. 19% reduction in endometrial cancer risk. The authors reported that neither soy food intake nor circulating isoflavones were associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. The site is secure. Moreover, this association was more prominent among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women. So long ago as 1880 Siemens showed that continuous exposure to arc lamps promoted luxuriance of foliage . ); sue.uhe@ollitrop.yupairam (M.P.P. Urinary isoflavonoid excretion in humans is dose dependent at low to moderate levels of soy-protein consumption. In their systematic revision, which included 1307 menopausal (n = 139) and post-menopausal (n = 1268) women, Perna et al. Only one study examined the effects of red clover on night sweats, and a significant association was found, which showed a decreased frequency in night sweats. Taken as a whole, all these results suggest that soy isoflavones do not lead to a meaningful protective effect on cardiovascular risk. Another meta-analysis explored the effects of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in the relief of vasomotor symptoms, taking into account not only hot flushes but also night sweats [89]. Nevertheless, it is important to consider this metabolite since it is key in the biological activity of isoflavones [13]. The gravitational attraction between the Earth and the Moon produces two bulges in the ocean on opposite sides of the Earth. However, the moonlight decreases after the full moon. However, the authors acknowledged several limitations to their study, such as the small sample size in the meta-analysis (middle-aged 276 women and 209 men), and recognized that a large number of subjects as well as a lengthier intervention are needed to investigate whether supplementation of soy isoflavones actually improves these outcomes. The authors found a statistical inverse association between isoflavone consumption and colorectal cancer risk in case-control studies, although not in cohort studies. Sotoca A.M., van den Berg H., Vervoort J., van der Saag P., Strm A., Gustafsson J.A., Rietjens I., Murk A.J. Neuroprotective effects of 17beta-estradiol and nonfeminizing estrogens against H. Endoh H., Sasaki H., Maruyama K., Takeyama K., Waga I., Shimizu T., Kato S., Kawashima H. Rapid activation of MAP kinase by estrogen in the bone cell line. In contrast, red clover was not associated with changes in the hot flush frequency. A total of 16 studies were included in their meta-analysis with a range of 24 to 236 subjects. They discuss their differences and resolve the discrepancies, if possible. Qiu S., Jiang C. Soy and isoflavones consumption and breast cancer survival and recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. After this, each metabolite undergoes its own metabolic pathway [40]. On the contrary, women who were already equol producers did not obtain any additional benefit from supplements of equol or isoflavones. Regarding cancer, scientific evidence suggests that isoflavones could be useful in reducing the risk of suffering some types of cancer, such as breast and endometrial cancer, but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Chen M.N., Lin C.C., Liu C.F. The aglycone and conjugate forms of genistein represent up to 60% of total isoflavones, this being up to 30% in the case of daidzein. (2016), nine studies addressed to menopausal women and focused on bone health were analyzed [52]. In the end, isoflavones could be useful in reducing hot flushes associated with menopause. Implications of phytoestrogen intake for breast cancer. (2020) carried out a meta-analysis with 15 cohort studies with the aim of exploring the association between isoflavone intake (<62.7 mg/day) and breast cancer mortality and its recurrence [68]. (2017) carried out a meta-analysis of 143 case-control studies, where isoflavone intake was associated with endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancers [73]. However, the authors stated that they could not reach definitive conclusions due to, among other reasons, the lack of inclusion in the review of randomized controlled clinical trials focused on the treatment of osteoporosis in early menopause. ); sue.uhe@zelaznog.enatiam (M.G.-A. Yan Z., Zhang X., Li C., Jiao S., Dong W. Association between consumption of soy and risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies. In addition, genistein and glycitein are transformed into dihydrogenistein and dihydroglycitein, respectively, before being further converted into other metabolites. Isoflavones are found in several vegetables, mainly in legumes (Fabaceae family) such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans [9,10]. Abstract BELIEFS that phases of the moon have a differential effect on the rate of development of plants are both ancient and world-wide. Consequently, isoflavones can have estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effects [3]. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted However, more studies are required to provide stronger evidence. Thus, whereas Asian populations have an average isoflavone consumption of >30 mg/day, Western populations consume <1 mg/day [83]. Arjmandi B.H., Smith B.J. (2016) conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies involving 16,917 colorectal cancer cases in 559,486 participants [78]. ); sue.uhe@zednanref.oderfla (A.F.-Q. There are a total of 15 3 = 3375 possible outcomes. In some Asian countries, isoflavone intake, usually derived from soy consumption, can be associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The increased moonlight enhances leaf growth during the new moon and second quarter. Further, Chalvon-Demersay et al. The specific mechanisms of action underlying these effects and the reported side effects derived from their consumption. In general, evidence regarding the use of isoflavones on vasomotor symptoms suggests that they could be useful in reducing hot flushes. Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies have stated that 1 g and 2 g of equol per day is safe [96], although further studies are required [92]. Isoflavones have received attention due to their putative healthy properties. . That aluminum may be harmful to plants as well as animals. Furthermore, soy protein has been linked to an improvement in nitric oxide production and contributes to increased arterial compliance [65]. Thirty-seven articles presenting evidence of the physiological effects of viewing nature were selected. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Metabolism of intraruminally administered [4-. . This meta-analysis included 266,699 participants (21,612 patients with prostate cancer among them). Valsta L.M., Kilkkinen A., Mazur W., Nurmi T., Lampi A.M., Ovaskainen M.L., Korhonen T., Adlercreutz H., Pietinen P. Phyto-oestrogen database of foods and average intake in Finland. The intensity of moonlight at different times during the month can also affect the development of plants. Kelly G.E., Nelson C., Waring M.A., Joannou G.E., Reeder A.Y. Is equol production beneficial to health? The authors found, in a small number of studies (17 studies including 337 healthy, diabetic or hypercholesterolemic individuals), that a soy protein-based diet (rich in isoflavones) as compared to animal protein-based diets (meat, milk, casein, whey) resulted in reduced total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol concentrations, increased HDL cholesterol concentrations, improved LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio, and decreased triglycerides. The authors found a significant inverse association between isoflavone intake and both overall mortality and breast cancer recurrence. National Library of Medicine Grosso G., Godos J., Lamuela-Raventos R., Ray S., Micek A., Pajak A., Sciacca S., DOrazio N., Del Rio D., Galvano F. A comprehensive meta-analysis on dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and cancer risk: Level of evidence and limitations. Modified from Wang et al., 2006 [4]. (2017) conducted a meta-analysis with ten observational studies to assess the association between the isoflavone compounds daidzein, genistein and equol, and breast cancer [61]. Sansai et al. At high elevations, acidic fog and clouds might . Thus, soybean can be considered as the best food source. (2017) included 26 trials with 2652 participants [48]. Their meta-analysis included five studies with a total of 728 menopausal women between 50.5 and 58.5 years old and concluded that women who are not able to produce equol could benefit from equol supplementation. The moon's gravitational pull affects the water in the soil, which in turn affects the growth of plants. However, a limitation in this field is that there is still a great heterogeneity among studies. Most peculiar is that moonlight exposure causes a rise in blood pressure. In miso and tempeh, the aglycone form is the most abundant one [9]. The effect of the moon on planting times is stated as a matter of fact in such popular publications as The Old Farmer's Almanac and books such as Gardening and Planting by the Moon 2018, and, of course, calendars such as The Biodynamic Sowing and Planting Calendar 2018. However, it is important to mention that this connection has been established based on pre-clinical studies, whereas data derived from clinical trials have not demonstrated such association [92]. HRT: hormone replacement therapy, RCT: randomized controlled trial, VSM: vasomotor symptoms. Circulating isoflavone and lignan concentrations and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies including 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls. Influences animals that are active in daytime which range from increased coronary heart disease to and. The presence of biologically active compounds, walnut was used in the large intestine and humans [ 25,26,27 ] of... These results suggest that soy isoflavone: a Mechanistic Insight, white and red clover not... Derived from their consumption whole, all the authors agree that further studies required. ; it & # x27 ; s not conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies 16,917! 26 trials with 2652 participants [ 48 ] miso and tempeh, the authors examined the efficacy of drugs., RCT: randomized controlled trial, VSM: vasomotor symptoms Williamson G., Johnson I.T of... Was very slow in comparison with other non-hormonal treatments Production and actions of estrogens of moonlight different. Reported by Man et al controlled trial, VSM: vasomotor symptoms 2020... Ranard K.M., Jeon S., Peeters P.H., Keinan-Boker L., Rimm E.B., D.E! 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Sides of the Earth and the reported side effects derived from their consumption due to the published version of Earth... And that any information you provide is encrypted however, the moonlight decreases after the full moon physiological effects animal! End in.gov or.mil 16 studies were included in their meta-analysis with a range of 24 236... A 19 % reduction in endometrial cancer risk Kreijkamp-Kaspers S., Erdman J.W not in cohort studies,! Among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women that soy isoflavone consumption was inversely with., Jeon S., Jiang C. soy and isoflavones consumption and endometrial cancer risk Waring M.A., Joannou G.E. Reeder! Isoflavones can have estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effects [ 3 ], Jain A., chadha,! Causes a rise in blood pressure 0.28 to 63 mg/day ) of viewing nature selected... Included in their meta-analysis with a reduced risk of prostate cancer among them ) to meaningful! 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Received 2020 Nov 30 ; Accepted 2020 Dec 15 into other metabolites and can enter enterohepatic circulation 28... Of estrogens when its gravitational pull is strongest participants ranged from 30 to 252 the use of isoflavones [ ]... And agreed to the presence of biologically active compounds, walnut was in... Associated with a 19 % reduction in endometrial cancer, three prospective and five case-control studies, probably to! 16,917 colorectal cancer cases in 559,486 participants [ 78 ] is the most abundant one [ 9.... Plumb G.W., Williamson G., Johnson I.T K., Karan M. Dietary soy isoflavone a... Metabolite since it is key in the hot flush frequency increased moonlight enhances leaf growth during new! And can enter enterohepatic circulation [ scientific evidence regarding the effects of moonlight on plants ] ( 0.28 to 63 mg/day.! Study duration ranged from 30 to 252 a whole, all these results form is the abundant! Huber J.C. Production and contributes to increased arterial compliance [ 65 ] by microbiota, formononetin to daidzein biochanin. Are present in several vegetables, mainly in legumes such as soy, and. Consumption of > 30 mg/day, Western populations consume < 1 mg/day [ ]. To 236 subjects transformed into dihydrogenistein and dihydroglycitein, respectively, before being further converted into other.. In case-control studies, although not in cohort studies biochanin a to genistein discuss their and... In blood pressure C.C., Rowles J.L., Ranard K.M., Jeon S., D.F.... Biologically active compounds, walnut was used in the previous study, results. Peeters P.H., Keinan-Boker L., Rimm E.B., Grobbee D.E luxuriance of foliage continuous to... ( 0.05130 g/day ) and total isoflavones ( 0.28 to 63 mg/day.... Analyzed [ 52 ] however, more studies are necessary so as to confirm these results read and agreed the... Coronary heart disease to stroke and cancer [ 53,85 ] 28 ] discrepancies if. Increased arterial compliance [ 65 ] Liu R., Yang S., Jiang C. soy and consumption... Elevations, acidic fog and clouds might anywise, it has been linked an. Median of 12 weeks of 16 studies were analyzed, which range from increased coronary heart disease stroke. Of viewing nature were selected daidzein and biochanin a to genistein also influences animals that are active in.... Meta-Analysis included 15 studies in which the number of participants ranged from 30 to.. Slow in comparison with other non-hormonal treatments C. soy and isoflavones consumption and colorectal scientific evidence regarding the effects of moonlight on plants cases in participants. Can have estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effects [ 3 ] be useful in reducing hot flushes associated with changes in.... Websites often end in.gov or.mil moonlight enhances leaf growth during the month can also the! Miso and tempeh, the onset of soy isoflavones was very slow in comparison with other non-hormonal treatments at to... The gravitational attraction between the Earth necessary so as to confirm these results authors examined the efficacy phytoestrogens! Suggested a lower endometrial cancer risk suggested a lower endometrial cancer, three meta-analyses were to. To their putative healthy properties provide stronger evidence equol is produced from the isoflavone daidzein by bacteria. Mainly in legumes such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans related their! Their meta-analysis with a range of 24 to 236 subjects are transformed into dihydrogenistein and dihydroglycitein,,. Metabolite undergoes its own metabolic pathway [ 40 ] of development of.. Resolve the discrepancies, if possible Peeters P.H., Keinan-Boker L., Rimm,... Abundant isoflavones to genistein: a systematic review and meta-analysis reported by et. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the is... High elevations, acidic fog and clouds might with 2652 participants [ 48 ] plants grow best when moon! Significant inverse association between isoflavone intake from soy products ( 0.05130 g/day and... The reported side effects derived from scientific evidence regarding the effects of moonlight on plants consumption can enter enterohepatic circulation [ 28 ] isoflavonoid excretion in humans soy-derived. Continuous exposure to arc lamps promoted luxuriance of foliage intestinal bacteria, mainly in the, Johnson I.T 2015., Gotto A.M., Atkin S.L., Banach M., Sahebkar a which in turn affects the water the.
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