Ms. Thaman is an attorney and teacher in California. What are advantages and disadvantages of dams? The Ilisu dam has a designed capacity of It could have destroyed large parts of Mosul and entire cities and towns further downstream, and picked up corpses and waste as it crashed through settlements, becoming a toxic, disease-bearing sludge by the time it reached southern Iraq. [17] By 1975, the EIE had completed a technical and economic evaluation of the sites. In the long run, water bodies may be covered with algae and the whole ecosystem may collapse. Advantageous river sediments 5. Even though they can provide many benefits, the construction of dams also implies serious problems. Per the vendor, this simple yet intuitive solution gives organizations a visual way to centralize, organize and share all their digital brand assets, empowering them to save valuable time and gain a. Canto is Great for Multi-Faceted Companies Needing to Share Documents Easily After getting to know the basics, lets move on to the actual topic; the pros and cons of a dam. [41] Such impacts which might lead to the drainage of the Mesopotamian Marshes and destruction of its ecology system,[42][43] were part of the reasons to the emergence of a new wave of Iraqi protests, along with several other issues, especially in Basra Governorate. How long it really takes depends on the complexity and the size of the project. The Ilisu Dam is 440 feet high and a mile wide. Thus, especially in times of droughts, there might be plenty of conflicts regarding how water flows should be altered by dams. University of Virginia The 1.2 billion dam is to be situated ca. 29 Crucial Pros & Cons of Dams 2022-10-28 Pros and cons of dams Rating: 5,8/10 1889 reviews Dams are structures that are built across rivers or other bodies of water in order to block the flow of water and create a reservoir behind the dam. The current administration has also framed the dam as a symbol of Turkish sovereignty, touting it as a revolutionary project that demonstrates Turkeys ability to fight terrorism. In contrast, current builders of dams often utilize concrete. In conclusion, the need for concerted global intervention to maintain the livability of Earth and increase resilience in the face of the rapidly changing availability of resources will be explored and the clear need for a unified collaborative approach to such intervention reiterated. This monograph argues that international collaboration over transboundary watercourses is imperative for maintaining peace and stability and should force us into thinking of new ways to address these newly emerging and growing challenges in the field. Nobody is keen on living his or her home just for the purposes of the construction of dams and it should be evaluated on an individual basis whether the benefits for society outweigh the negative effects for those people who have to give up their homes and their former lives. Basically, this method of power generation uses water, which is a free . 0000006438 00000 n The town, which sits on the banks of the Tigris River in southeast Turkey, will be inundated as part of the construction of the Ilisu Dam, which will produce power for the region. 1. 22 0 obj<>stream As I went to university and got my Masters degree in Economics, I did plenty of research in the field of Development Economics. For starters, dams are a key piece of our modern infrastructure and are critical for providing plenty of drinking water in the form of built-up reservoirs as well as helping to generate a significant amount of the world's electricity. Without dams, people have to rely on natural water flows and do not have control over where the water will actually end up. Where the Tigris drains into the Persian Gulf in southern Iraq, the lower flow can cause saltwater intrusion from the Gulf. The title of her talk was Damming Eden, Water Security in Turkey, Syria and Iraq. In 2013 she traveled with a team for National Geographic along the Tigris River to conduct field research into the impact of recent dam and irrigation projects in the area, and answered a few questions for us. UN provisions, - Comparison Table for Advantages and Disadvantages of Dam. A small dam called a cofferdam is built upstream of the construction zone to help funnel water into the diversion tunnel. 0000000016 00000 n Controlling waterways. The government is charging them more for the new houses than it is compensating them for the loss of their current homes and farms, so they will be forced to take on debt in the move. 0000002887 00000 n This ongoing availability is a huge factor when weighing the hydroelectric dams pros and cons. %%EOF The Ilisu Dam near the town of Ilisu in the South-Eastern part of Turkey was central to your reporting. Since farmers will have access to plenty of water for irrigation purposes, their plants can grow in an ideal manner and yields can be maximized. Human rights of the indigenous communities ignored. In some cases, the existing law governing the utilization of this ephemeral resource has proven inadequate to prevent conflict and ensure access to water and its benefits for people and ecosystems no matter where they lie along the length of the watercourse. Back Turkey's downstream neighbors say the dam will dramatically reduce the flow of the Tigris into Iraq and Syria, pointing to similar declines in river levels that ensued from previous Turkish dams. Here are the pros and cons of hydropower: List of Pros of Hydropower. All those environmental problems that are associated with dams can also lead to a significant ecological imbalance. Pros and cons of dams. In July 2019, all the required permissions were granted and water collection in the dam commenced. It is located 65km upstream on the main river course running along the borderline between . Since water will become so precious in the near future, dams may also become a political tool to control the local population. Dam construction must be started when river levels are low. Low installation and operating costs 3. Therefore, also the food production capacities in the respective region will increase substantially, which will be especially important in poor regions where the local population is dependent on the yields of farmers in order to survive. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',144,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-banner-1-0');Apart from the energy production aspect, dams also provide us with reservoirs which may be suitable for plenty of joyful leisure activities. Archeologists are still discovering new artifacts in the town the most recent Neolithic settlement was unearthed in September and they estimate that most of Hasankeyfs archeological sites will be flooded before they can be excavated. For instance, transportation on waterways has been a quite important tool to carry around all kinds of goods a few decades ago. The Hexagon satellite image has a resolution of 24 feet, enough detail to see the small village by the Tigris River. 0000000827 00000 n List of the Advantages of Dams 1. Preliminary construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GRD) began in April 2011 on the Blue Nile River near the Sudanese border. The Southeastern Anatolian Project entailed the construction of some 22 dams and 19 . Since the U.S. invasion, the marshes have been making a slow recovery, but the Ilisu Dam will place their survival in jeopardy once more, according to environmental scientists. Copyright 2023 International Water Law Project | All Rights Reserved It is of irreplacable importance for the existing habitat. There are several advantages to the Hoover Dam. Construction of the dam began in 2006 and was originally expected to be completed by 2016. It is one of the 22 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project and its purpose is hydroelectric power production, flood control and water storage. Through the construction of dams, also the water flows are often slowed down, which in turn contributes to higher contamination with algae. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. When it has, Iraqi officials estimate it will reduce the downstream flow of the river by at least half, allowing more salty water to flood into the river from the Persian Gulf in southern Iraq. [9], Ilisu Dam has attained water level of 513m on 19 April 2020, and it is less than 12m from the maximum conservation level of 525m, according to CNN Trk citing the State Hydraulic Works (DSI) by an AA correspondent. If people are dependent on the water supply from reservoirs and dams, chances are that politicians will gain great power over them, which may lead to unpleasant outcomes in the long run if the government has the wrong intentions. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-box-4','ezslot_2',142,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-box-4','ezslot_3',142,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-142{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Moreover, since our energy mix is currently not sustainable since it mainly relies on fossil fuels, hydropower may also be a great power source to move into an eco-friendlier and more sustainable direction. The Ilisu Dam, completed as part of Turkey's Gneydou Anadolu Projesi (Southeasternanatolian Development Project or GAP for short in Turkish) in 2019, has faced heavy criticism from both local as well as international observers and downstream countries on the Tigris. The dam, located on the Tigris River, 65 kilometres from the Syrian and Iraqi borders, would power a 1,200-megawatt hydroelectric plant, while displacing tens of thousands of local residents . Because of this, the dam lost international funding in 2008. The area will be underwater when the Ilisu dam project comes online. What are the pros and cons of building dams? if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_8',189,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_9',189,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0_1');.large-mobile-banner-2-multi-189{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}For instance, if there are heavy rainfalls, villages may become flooded in a relatively short period of time and many people might die due to that. Darden School of Business Dams may also be kind of a tourist magnet. The Turkish government began planning the dam in the 1950s as part of a larger regional development plan, the Southeastern Anatolia Project, which involved constructing 19 hydroelectric plants and 22 dams on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Another advantage of dams is that they can protect locals from serious floods. The Ilisu Dam and its Impact on the Mesopotamian Marshes of Iraq: Implications for the Future Directions of International Water Law The following essay by Raquella Thaman is a summary of her recently published monograph (under the same title), which appears in Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law . The construction of the Ilisu Dam in South-Eastern Turkey can be described as one of the most pressing current environmental issues for Iraq. Thus, the construction of dams can be quite expensive and it might take a quite long time until the power that is generated with those dams can offset the tremendous construction costs. The fourth chapter examines the water projects that affect the Tigris-Euphrates Basin including controversy surrounding Turkeys most recent filling of the Ilisu dam and the flooding of Hasankeyf. xref Ilisu is at present the largest dam project in Turkey's pipeline. Ornithological research has been conducted only in the region close to Hasankeyf. Therefore, dams can also be a valid tool to protect the local population from all kinds of unpleasant surprises that come along with heavy rainfalls and floods. The following story is part of series on Turkey's Ilisu Dam project and the flooding of Hasankeyf. }, author={Charlotte Vawter Eberlein and H. Drillisch and Ercan Ayboa and T. Wenidoppler}, journal={Water alternatives}, year={2010}, volume={3 . The Ilisu dam, part of the Southeast Anatolian project (Gap) and one of Turkey's largest hydroelectric projects to date, has been mired in controversy ever since it was first drafted in 1954 . An upcoming program will focus on what this might mean for fish populations. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'environmental_conscience_com-narrow-sky-1','ezslot_17',197,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-narrow-sky-1-0'); Even though the chances for dam breaks are rather low in our current age, there had been dam breaks in the past and we should be aware of this con of dams in order to make profound decisions whether dams should be built in a specific area or not. The Hoover Dam, located on the border between Arizona and Nevada, is a concrete arch-gravity dam that was built in the 1930s. Apart from that, there are many other advantages and disadvantages of hydropower. In the reservoirs that will form due to the construction of dams, plenty of methane will be produced over time since large amounts of plant materials may decompose in those water bodies. Turkeys government has promoted the dam as a vital development project part of a larger network of dams aimed at reducing the countrys dependency on energy imports and providing jobs in its impoverished southeast region. All works are expected to be completed in 2015. Due to rainfall, the dam has achieved water levels up to 100m above the river bed and stored 5 billion cubic meters of water. In 2006, the Turkish government estimated that 61,620 people would be "physically or economically displaced". Pre removal assment of a dam is imperative . It's a clean, renewable source of energy 2. Dams are structures that are built across rivers or other bodies of water in order to block the flow of water and create a reservoir behind the dam. Aswan Dam Pros and Cons. In Turkeys Kurdish-dominated southeast, where Ilisu will inundate 300 historical sites and displace between 25,000 and 75,000 people, many people perceive the project as an effort to exert more control over the natural resources in the region and, by extension, the people who live near them and rely on them. HWMchHq=tP4Vh__fV!vLD#DV/_{6Dj~|F'$JMfh:HmFh4b0?|UFj[Y4r?[QV,~? The Ilisu Dam is the most recent in a long line of Turkish projects meant to tap into the hydroelectric potential of both the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and once completed the Ilisu Dam will generate 1,200 MW, or roughly 2% of Turkey's energy needs. The water level had reached an elevation of 498.2m on 1 April 2020. But this dam on the Tigris River is at the heart of a. [6] Most historical structures in Hasankeyf were moved to the new Hasankeyf prior to the filling of the dam. Controllable water flows 9. In this article, the pros and cons of dams are examined. On the one hand, plenty of work is needed in order to plan and construct a dam. If we didnt have dams it will result in wastage of river water, deficiency in supply of irrigation water and it also results in flooding. The Ilisu Dam is expected to open on December 31, 2017, but it will take several years for the 10.4 billion-cubic-meter reservoir to flood completely. She can be reached at r_thaman @ u.pacific.edu. However, through the use of dams, a high fraction of those rainfalls can be stored in reservoirs, which takes away plenty of water and nearby villages will not have to suffer from floods too much anymore. The water storage capacity is estimated at (11-40) billion . 0000000907 00000 n Moreover, the planning processes also require many hours of work, which can add up to a significant amount of money. 1. of the Earth UK, - Privacy Policy, Q&A with Maria Rossetti, the 2021 Winner of the GWI Graduate Water Symposium, The Flint Lead Crisis is One Example of How Electrochemistry Impacts Clean Water Availability, Jonathan Overpeck on Drought in the Colorado Basin, Executive Education & Lifelong Learning Blog, Institute for Business in Society at Darden. However, I will not take any responsibility for incorrect information and will not be liable for any negative consequences that might occur due to the reliance on this information. It is eco-friendly. In December 2008, the European firms suspended funds for the dam and gave Turkey a 180-day period to comply with over 150 international standards. However, if there is a dam or a weir which suddenly blocks their way, those fishes may not be able to reach their mating location and the population of those fishes may greatly decrease due to that. Ms. However, also the maintenance and supervision related to dams can be significant. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-3','ezslot_12',193,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-3-0'); This not only increases the popularity of a whole region, it also leads to plenty of income for the local economy since tourists will have to sleep in hotels and eat in restaurants. Attacks on the dam, supporting structures and workers are part of the PKK's efforts to stop construction. This is the decision of the state and the government." Design by Sidebar Designs | Modified by Gabriel Eckstein, Transboundary Water Management Organizations, The principle of prior notification An instrument of implementing international water law and ensuring cooperative water diplomacy, New Book on International Law and Transboundary Aquifers by Francesco Sindico, Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Brill Research Perspectives International Water Law. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-box-3','ezslot_1',614,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-3-0');Dams are a kind of barrier which aims to restrict or stop the natural flow of water. It impounds the Colorado River and serves several important functions, including hydroelectric power generation, water storage, and flood control. Atatrk Dam, on the Euphrates river, is located in Bozova in the anlurfa province, of the Anatolia region, Turkey. These experts may also be quite rare and municipalities may have a hard time finding the right staff to operate those dams, especially in regions where education levels are rather low. The stance of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin states and their seeming embrace of outdated and conflicting approaches to resource allocation are examined. However, pressure from environmental and human rights groups have often halted this process. Thus, excessive amounts of algae or other unwanted organisms can be filtered out of the water, which may improve the overall water quality in the reservoir as well as in the river downstream. The building of large dams can cause serious changes to the earths surface and lead to geological damage. Ilisu is Turkey's last major planned dam on the Tigris, and it has been controversial from the start. Aswan High Dam Pros and Cons. What are the pros and cons of building a dam? The purpose of the dams is to reserve water for the time of . Unlike most of the other towns, however, Hasankeyf has been continuously inhabited for 12,000 years. Why is the Ilisu dam being built? While the need for collaborative approaches to sharing transboundary watercourses is evident, barriers to such collaboration are complex and sometimes deeply entrenched. - This form of renewable energy is pretty self explanatory. [13], The Ilsu Dam will be a 135m (443ft) high and 1,820m (5,971ft) wide rock-fill embankment dam with a structural volume of 43,900,000m3 (35,590acreft). Water storage crest level was 513m on 19 April 2020. The dam was already in bad shape due to erosion and the fact that it was built on soluble rock. In June 2009, after failing to meet the standards, the European firms officially cut the funding for the Ilsu Dam Project. Generally, hydropower is the one of the oldest and most renewable sources of energy in the world today. It is often said that every drop we drink has already been consumed by one life form or another. First of all, dams are efficient in storing water, especially rain water, whereas rivers simply flow into larger oceans, seas and lakes and all the water collected is . [40] Moreover, the southern governorates of Iraq had the lowest portions of the river in years, in which the total Tigris water share in Iraq fell from 21 billion cubic metres to only 9.7 billion cubic metres instead. 0000002811 00000 n In 2000, the British Government declined $236 million in funding for the Ilsu Dam. Since through the construction of dams, the water flows can be changed to a certain extent, dams can also be a great tool to create waterways for transportation purposes. Farmers have to tilt their fields and ensure their water supply in order to assure the optimal growth of their crops and to maximize their yields. Existing agreements between the states, both colonial era and post-WWII, and the application of the UN Watercourses Convention are then examined. Flood control 10. Julia Harte, a DC-based journalist for Reuters, gave a public lecture at UVA on October 25th2017. :sh:UYF$F| By using dams for energy production, the air is not polluted and also greenhouse gas emissions will be lower compared to the energy production with fossil fuels. From Neolithic settlements to medieval tombs and temples, the town is a living museum where some people alive today grew up in caves built into cliffs overlooking the Tigris. As these pressures increase, the need for effective legal regimes to address the sharing of transboundary watercourses likewise increases. [17] A feasibility study and final design by international consultants (198082) resulted in a recommendation to construct both the Ilsu Dam and the Cizre Dam downstream. The problem with frequent flooding that threatened the Yangtze delta every summer was eliminated. The Atatrk Dam ( Turkish: Atatrk Baraj ), originally the Karababa Dam, is the third largest dam in the world and it is a zoned rock-fill dam with a central core [1] on the Euphrates River on the border of Adyaman Province and anlurfa Province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Purpose of Dams: When a huge barrier constructed in the way of flowing water of a stream channel or river to prevent water from wastage, and store it for future consumption, it is known as a dam. 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of building a dam? 2) Disrupts Local Ecosystems. Another problem with the construction of dams is that in some cases, many people have to give up their homes and move to other locations. The cost of the project is a billion and 200 million dollars. The dam was officially completed on September 18th 2009 after 10 years of construction with an official cost reaching roughly $27 billion US dollars to date The "economic disadvantages of the three gorges dam" is a topic that has been discussed for years. Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoan is also committed to the Ilsu Dam Project as well and claims Turkey will use internal or other international funding. After finishing university, I traveled around the world. The planned Ilisu dam consists of a wall 1.8 km wide and 135 m high, and will create the third largest reservoir in Turkey covering an area of 313 km (IEG, 2005). Additionally, a 250m (820ft) permanent steel-girder bridge with concrete supports was constructed just downstream of the dam. Dams should only be built when the benefits of building them greatly outweigh the costs. The originally planned Mosul Dam watershed (with an area of 54 900 km 2 ) has . The dam's reservoir will have a capacity of 10,400,000,000m3 (8,431,417acreft), of which 7,460,000,000m3 (6,050,000acreft) will be active (or live, useful) storage and 2,950,000,000m3 (2,390,000acreft) will be inactive (dead) storage. 1) Displace a Significant Number of People. In order to be able to construct those dams, large areas of land have to be used and forests have to be cleared for this purpose. Beginning and Reasons. l8&D />_&D:RjYb_Lt]5Y4K/M@ =EcMjiGh6)#0m,>S/KQg6y htQ/z|qOuZF}2T]u)L(|joI4-@A6G<. Turbine blades, located inside the dam structure, spin as water surges through the embankment. on the Ilisu Dam, written by Keith Parkins, http://homepage.univie.ac.at/thomas.schmidinger/php/texte/tuerkei_ilisu_kultur.pdf. 3) Provide a Stable System of Navigation. The decline in water flow for the Tigris River can lower the water quality downstream, especially during a drought. Standing at 135 meters . if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-1','ezslot_10',149,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-1-0');Apart from agricultural purposes, dams can also be quite important to assure the water supply of the local population in order to avoid water scarcity. Despite the governments assurance that the reservoir will become a center for water sports and tourists will flock to the archeological park, Hasankeyfs residents are deeply concerned about how to earn a living and keep their local economy afloat in the new Hasankeyf. Border between Arizona and Nevada, is located 65km ilisu dam pros and cons on the Blue Nile near... Additionally, a 250m ( 820ft ) permanent steel-girder bridge with concrete supports was just... Running along the borderline between university of Virginia the 1.2 billion dam is to be completed by.... 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Sources of energy in the region close to Hasankeyf all works are expected be! Supporting structures and workers are part of the other towns, however, also maintenance! Near future, dams may also be kind of a tourist magnet few decades ago long run water. Advantages and disadvantages of building a dam a small dam called a cofferdam is built upstream the. Source of energy in the South-Eastern part of Turkey was central to your.! Dc-Based journalist for Reuters, gave a public lecture at UVA on October 25th2017 evaluation of the dam already... The pros and cons of building a dam should be altered by dams and... Keith Parkins, http: //homepage.univie.ac.at/thomas.schmidinger/php/texte/tuerkei_ilisu_kultur.pdf is at present the largest dam project Hasankeyf prior the... S Ilisu dam, located on the Tigris drains into the Persian in. To reserve water for the Ilsu dam transportation on waterways ilisu dam pros and cons been controversial from the Gulf article, dam! Drop we drink has already been consumed by one life form or another series on Turkey & # ;... Is 440 feet high and a mile wide a mile wide small village by Tigris! Is estimated at ( 11-40 ) billion it impounds the Colorado River and serves several important functions, hydroelectric! Of pros of hydropower of power generation uses water, which in turn contributes to higher contamination with and... Decades ago the long run, water storage capacity is estimated at ( 11-40 ) billion fact that it built! As one of the construction of dams also implies serious problems: //homepage.univie.ac.at/thomas.schmidinger/php/texte/tuerkei_ilisu_kultur.pdf one form. Weighing the hydroelectric dams pros and cons of building them greatly outweigh the costs should altered! Can lower the water flows should be altered by dams building a.. Deeply entrenched of 54 900 km 2 ) has on natural water flows do... Be completed by 2016 and post-WWII, and ilisu dam pros and cons size of the Advantages of dams often utilize concrete central your. 250M ( 820ft ) permanent steel-girder bridge with concrete supports was constructed just downstream of the dam began 2006... During a drought million dollars was constructed just downstream of the project is huge. When the Ilisu dam near the Sudanese border Keith Parkins, http: //homepage.univie.ac.at/thomas.schmidinger/php/texte/tuerkei_ilisu_kultur.pdf, transportation waterways. Dams and 19 that was built in the 1930s often said that every drop we drink has been! Southern Iraq, the lower flow can cause saltwater intrusion from ilisu dam pros and cons start been controversial from the Gulf, hydroelectric! Times of droughts, there might be plenty of conflicts regarding how water flows are slowed. Turkey was central to your reporting increase, the Turkish government estimated that 61,620 people be... Has been a quite important tool to carry around all kinds of goods few... Issues for Iraq dams can be significant time of of her talk was Damming Eden water! Story is part of series on Turkey & # x27 ; s clean... Levels are low these pressures increase, the dam structure, spin as water through!
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