You may only mention the principal style intended for analysis in your study proposals, such as how the data will be displayed in graphs, charts, tables, and diagrams to be studied. startxref Qualitative data is when researchers try to gather information usually based on a particular phenomenon. % Empirical-analytical inquiry is characterized by the researchers detached or objective view from the setting under study. % Assumptions are propositions taken to be true based upon the presupposition without preponderance of the facts(Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017).In this video, AN. Beliefs about the variables Predictions about the relationship of two. vxpni{h+io=cU`aXz. Common qualitative methods include interviews with open-ended questions, observations described in words, and literature reviews that explore concepts and theories. Basis of evaluative criteria for research-related decisions. The two main types of quantitative data are discrete data and continuous data. 0000004143 00000 n Quantitative data is data that can be counted or measured in numerical values. Data from surveys and tests, for example, may need to be converted from words to numbers. true /ColorSpace 14 0 R /Intent /Perceptual /SMask 15 0 R /BitsPerComponent Some common approaches include textual analysis, thematic analysis, and discourse analysis. The term bibliography refers to sources that are used solely for the purpose of obtaining information but are not used for any other purpose. 4 0 obj come preloaded with assumptions about students and what effects might matter for them. 0000088713 00000 n The participants in the study freely provided the researcher with the ratings of importance regarding the professional education competencies. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THREE RESEARCH PARADIGMS Pure quantitative research relies on the collection of quantitative data (i.e., numerical data) and follows the other characteristics of the quantitative research paradigm shown in Table 2.1. Given this phenomenon, theoretical Judgments are made about what constitutes a theoretical reality of depression. . Rather than being randomized to naturally occurring groups, subjects are randomly assigned to experimental treatments. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Published on ?* 8 /8 WMA?( Q)7+%G6~xs88 |:/ ]0 g# O8Sm_ g`{O/_9A L8`pzh tq/= H~qc 1yhO]4qT:tfm}sc $i_* 0000002341 00000 n you The importance of the study issue is justified by answering questions such as how it can assist the public developed community and research community. need to quantify data. Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (9th ed.). Listed below are the methods of a Quantitative Research Design: To standardize data gathering and generalize conclusions, quantitative research is frequently utilized. There is a lot of research proposal templates that may help you in making a comprehensive research proposal. Pure qualitative research relies on the collection of qualitative data (i.e., nonnumerical data such as words and pictures) and follows the other . A research proposals size is determined by the purpose for which it is being used as well as the nature of the planned research. The context of this data is usually rich and has depth to the information that has been given, so often can not be generalised to a wider population, nor can be transferred into statistics, unlike other methodologies such as quantitative data which uses a structured scientific approach towards collating data, in order to make the findings measurable and generalised to wider society. Methodological assumptions consist of the assumptions made by the researcher regarding the methods used in the process of qualitative research (Creswell 2003). Copyright 2023 PhDStudent.com. Only the relationships between variables are described. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. On nursing theories and evidence. endobj 0000040740 00000 n Streefkerk, R. 0000005965 00000 n 6) [3L43J$ Ha~o?|Js R / ](mqTo?p9wr M% @znezs)s'xPd| g^?$?I?(v0ArhO86G4>xp4;K Qualitative methods allow you to explore concepts and experiences in more detail. 0000006408 00000 n Some examples of this type of research questions include: What are the differences between attitudes to social media trends of millenials and middle-aged adults? Action words such as explore, examine, and investigate are utilized in writing objectives. This form of research will identify trends and patterns in data, but it will not go so far as to show causation for these observed patterns in its analysis. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier., Monti, E., & Tingen, M. (1999). Different datasets require the use of different methods. d:vH 9xp=%WL`w=8^GH~ sUt9K_AP^| gL T_>_*\d=0+KksC t~O*g?8 ^.pHXqSS @ q Fg~nRg9#Na?SzAo #zL5 ?) q H?!=':yJq }+gzv&d|8S}wP~xpsq/ ]9`[=HrM] G( 8r? rL*BgU+_P9w ? | 6N$1s/h:R\__ % ?Oq? =9_8?U#|!K _5rIFp)9%} [RI RW4. Quantitative research aims to create and use mathematical models, ideas, and hypotheses to explain natural occurrences. 0000046006 00000 n The 0000141297 00000 n Quantitative verses qualitative research methods: is there a way forward? >> You conduct interviews to find out how satisfied students are with their studies. Outside of the physical sciences, statistics is the most extensively utilized field of mathematics in quantitative research, and it also has applications in the physical sciences, such as statistical mechanics. 0000001372 00000 n PhDStudent.com provides a wealth of information including hints, tips, and tricks to survive and thrive in graduate school. and presentation of the author as much as the subject of the study (Denzin, 1989a). New If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. Quantitative research is at risk for research biases including information bias, omitted variable bias, sampling bias, or selection bias. 0000130323 00000 n When you are stating your delimitations, clearly inform readers why you chose this course of study. Understanding Political Science Research Methods - Maryann Barakso 2013-12-04 trailer 1191 variables compared to other studies. 0000005700 00000 n On the other hand, one key assumption for this mean-based transformation is the original data should follow a normal distribution. Systematic. To determine the effects on the dependent variables, an independent variable is changed. The two-sample t test is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups. Attempts to find cause-and-effect correlations between the factors True experiments are fairly like these types of designs, but there are a few crucial differences. Philosophy of Qualitative Research. The researcher, independent of specific situations under study, determines a set of hypothesized categories based on a priori knowledge and conducts a controlled inquiry to give meaning to phenomena that have significance at a generalized level. 6+ Quantitative Analysis Examples - PDF. A further delimitation might be that you only included closed-ended Likert scale responses in the survey, rather than including additional open-ended responses, which might make some people more willing to take and complete your survey. Furthermore, quantitative research is frequently an iterative process in which data is assessed, ideas and hypotheses are modified, and technical breakthroughs are achieved, among other things. It is important to underscore the intertwined nature of the assumption about objectivity and the assumption that a reality exists outside of the observer. The researcher would consider how to objectively measure philosophies of childhood when developing the research design. Quantitative research is the contrary of qualitative research, in which non-numerical data is collected and analyzed (e.g., text, video, or audio). If there were no existing tool(s) to measure the reality of philosophies of childhood, it would be necessary to develop a measurement tool(s) which could accurately measure the phenomenon. Often with little or no evidence and are Can be statistically tested and may be. 0000064414 00000 n If there is justification to believe it alleviates pain the medication is made available for treating the population at large through a regulated process. startxref Was a quantitative or qualitative research approach adopted? Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (7th ed.). This line of thinking extends teen assumption AT realty Deanna Tanat wanly can De crossover only Dye slung the senses. Furthermore, Statistical data is used to try to figure out how strong a relationship between two or more variables is. However, being able to recognize and accurately describe these problems is the difference between a true researcher and a grade-school kid with a science-fair project. If you need a guide in doing your research, here are 10+ Quantitative research examples you can use. One of the more common assumptions made in survey research is the assumption of honesty and truthful responses. Delimitations are often strongly related to your theory and research questions. The procedures used by the researcher are inductive and are based on the researcher's own experience in collecting and analyzing data. Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. Difficulty and strength are two examples. their teams to recalibrate old assumptions and models used to manage and monitor risk. 0000012276 00000 n 0000004256 00000 n The accuracy of a measurement is referred to as validity (whether the results really do represent what they are supposed to measure). All of it needs an appropriate research title as well as a research proposal introduction. 0000065597 00000 n 12 0 obj <> endobj Qualitative researchers are concerned primarily with process, rather than outcomes or products. /BitsPerComponent 8 /Filter /FlateDecode Engaging and creative use of the architectural arch as a metaphor for mixed methods research provides a vehicle that communicates the principle that . -Use quantitative words (e.g., "relate . INTRODUCTION An assumption is a realistic expectation which is something that we believe to be true. There is also what we call a nursing research proposal in which serves as the cornerstone for a future nurse practitioners work. /CA 1.0 This is commonly used for citing sources within the scope of your study. Realism, subjectivism and the 'paradigm wars' Now we have defined quantitative research, it is a good idea to compare it with qualitative research, to which it is usually put in opposition. Qualitative research Qualitative research is expressed in words. However, no adequate evidence exists to support this belief. It is a set of tactics, methodologies, and assumptions that are used to investigate psychological, social, and economic processes using quantitative patterns. Methodological assumptions(research strategies): Using quantitative research methods such as experiments, quasi-experiments, exploratory and analytical models, case studies, and so onwhich require objective measurement and analysisis the only acceptable method to generate valid knowledge. In other words, an assumption is an act of faith which does not have empirical evidenced to support. These studies are intended to provide comprehensive information about a phenomenon. trailer stream For example, in surveys, observational studies or case studies, your data can be represented as numbers (e.g., using rating scales or counting frequencies) or as words (e.g., with open-ended questions or descriptions of what you observe). 46 0 obj <> endobj Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research - Elazar J. Pedhazur 1997 This text adopts a data-analysis approach to multiple regression. For example, if you are doing a study on the middle school music curriculum, there is an underlying assumption that music will The results are often reported in graphs and tables. A research proposal is primarily concerned with a sample brief introduction to the research field or title, what you propose to investigate or research questions and objectives, and how you intend to investigate it or research technique. Theoretical research is related to quantitative research. Because most assumptions are not discussed in-text, assumptions that are discussed in-text are discussed in the context of the limitations of your study, which is typically in the discussion section. When you are stating your delimitations, clearly inform readers why you chose this course of study. 0 nature of existence or being. assumptions of a contribution to description outlines some thinking. Rather we can observe phenomena such as actions, behaviors, and consequences that may be associated with depression. 2. ? U8vG~{j63 You transcribe all interviews using transcription software and try to find commonalities and patterns. -If using a theory, state the theory you plan to test. Is this article helpful? This section outlines the important research that has previously been conducted on the subject. Linked to the assumption about reality is the assumption that reality consists of facts or truths that can be known (Hathaway, 1995) and these facts provide the researcher with a theoretical framework to help guide the inquiry (Firestone, 1987). Knowing how reviewers stand on issues of epistemology is helpful to author-researchers. Second, it is based on 'causal linkages'. Design and Procedures (a) Specify the research design adopted for answering research questions or addressing hypotheses (e.g., descriptive, relational, predictive . /CreationDate (D:20230204040633+02'00') The theoretical construct enables the researcher to design a research project on the subject of depression. endobj 0000039487 00000 n >> (2003) found, "Our own and others' research convinced us that to achieve and sustain significant advances in instruction, leadership practice had to develop towards a model of distributed leadership" (p. 2). Any study in which all other variables except one are identified and controlled is considered a valid experiment. h-X!IKjR RVC Z*m1BLTXZGzgswfs{Gza~s|vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv. 0000005735 00000 n Quantitative and qualitative research use different research methods to collect and analyze data, and they allow you to answer different kinds of research questions. 1 0 obj In developing the tool, the researcher would make objective theoretical Judgments about what variables (e. G. , psychological, biological, etc. ) 0000009725 00000 n Applications such as Excel, SPSS, or R can be used to calculate things like: Qualitative data is more difficult to analyze than quantitative data. 0000047189 00000 n Reality affects human beings and unman beings effect reality (Schumacher & Greener, 1992). In any case, you should clearly list the other options available and the reasons why you did not choose these options immediately after you list your delimitations. . . - I'll assume the former (easier to analyze). What is the difference between the social behavior of college students and high school students? from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-quantitative-research/, Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research | Differences, Examples & Methods. 0000006171 00000 n HWryJ)}IIeK*B eZ\w &RlB"?\Ob~j/J? M-. However, it has the additional sense of having been purposefully and consciously produced or accepted for a specific scientific aim. Tashakkori and Teddlie (Ibid:7) April 12, 2019 What Is the Purpose of Quantitative Research Proposal? What Is the Difference Between Quantitative and Qualitative Methods? Field tests, however, show that . Correlational research investigates the relationship between 2 variables or more in the study. Whats the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods? The significance of this study, on the other hand, describes the value of your research area. You may think you have everything ready for a videographer proposal but there are details that you have to make. In other words, any scholar reading your paper will assume that certain aspects of your study is true given your population, statistical test, research design, or other delimitations. Quantitative approaches assume an objective approach to researching research problems, in which data is controlled and quantified, facts are accumulated, and causes of behavior are determined. 0000002240 00000 n ; Qualitative researchers are interested in meaning: how people make sense of their lives, experiences, and their structures of the world. Like how we see things, how we express our ideas on a certain subject, and how we see the world from our own perspective. The authors referenced research conducted by the Consortium on Chicago School Research: quantitative research designs also come with assumptions, some more stringent than others. Quantitative research aims to establish and utilize phenomena-related mathematical hypotheses . Its also possible to start with a survey to find out the overall trends, followed by interviews to better understand the reasons behind the trends. It provides a theoretical foundation for doing the research; also, because the review of literature should only be two to three pages long, give a quick overview of a few major current studies and only highlight the most important assumptions of these studies. Hypothesis testing is a formal process for utilizing statistics to investigate our views about the world. 0000039200 00000 n For example, some qualitative methods like heuristics or phenomenology do not lend themselves well to replicability. The range of the transformed data is 0-1.0 to establish a quantitative evaluation model in which 0.5 should be considered the baseline to assess variation. The research methods you use depend on the type of data you need to answer your research question. xb```0VN->c`C C600 `M:>L IHq00()5@!Q(22}Pd^'AAVn%ylf! However, for certain sensitive questions this assumption may be more difficult to accept, in which case it would be described as a limitation of the study. 26+ Quantitative Research Examples Quantitative research demands focus and precision from the researcher. @B=vO/k?pG}h\kwa:lr4nCIn|wq@ChdL7usulGK[ /Ur AncL~qv9%mv).NL[u\S=Y7 7s52JNTsN+FNSM=YY~t"Hjd+8+sw"F]'!dx; l |_)Cor=I5}v&vA/}$K9)alC7Ysa<7`#uqL96s\?TgLz ;?|`GS]u:$_[ X>TCUgoUAZZ]^VYc:0-pvA-dyTjusziKUegE#1$X- *G]o5' 'oC>H'-$56sIIlb;7MSJJuh`C.u UAtfCiNq[G26; qQ?)lRL[7=-;{Hw=HxSu dU;kYuY,^|J-iOkLtrsC)v FnJ+}5*RPPULKwHr,*?Peu& htn1t?/D&2MC!yaj,)*}^4v}~z!l7oBc)_V}WQ[Fz*67 ". In descriptive research, it is simply seeking an overall summary of the study. Common quantitative methods includeexperiments, observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions. On the other hand, quantitative research is the process where by numerical data are collected and analyzed. The constancy of measurement is referred to as reliability (whether the results can be reproduced under the same conditions). This is often done to argue against a strategy or policy. endobj which provides actionable market research study, quantitative . Examples of quantitative data include numerical values such as measurements, cost, and weight; examples of qualitative data include descriptions (or labels) of certain attributes, such as "brown eyes" or "vanilla flavored ice cream". stream Multiple paradigms of nursing science. The aim of inquiry is to generalize from the particular and apply a theoretical framework that can be applied universally (Hathaway, 1995). %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Therefore the aim of generalization is served by the development of universal knowledge. 0000001206 00000 n , 1991). When it comes to choosing an e-commerce specialist, choosing which one to hire is a major decision for your potential clientele. 0000011099 00000 n 87 0 obj <> endobj And it's just becoming more vital as more, Lights, camera, but not so fast on the action. As a result, quantitative research findings may be statistically significant but are frequently humanly insignificant. HIp(R)pNlQyFPvtU]mM]3L;MEI-h:`^v[e;b]GZe 3ly/YdzMbV=Bb hJm^ HW}W#h8$E"`fq8dk^2SUMR]STpuG&mT+ ]:Ww:w:SF}2rt)QioUh ; The qualitative researcher is the primary instrument for data collection and analysis. Quantitative approaches allow you to measure variables and test hypotheses in a systematic way. (9th ed.). If you were researching whether there are different parenting styles between unmarried Asian, Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic women, then a delimitation of your study would be the inclusion of only participants with those demographics and the exclusion of participants from other demographics such as men, married women, and all other ethnicities of single women (inclusion and exclusion criteria). 0000186222 00000 n as such." Epistemological. While quantitative methods ask "what" and "how much," qualitative methods ask "why" and "how." Qualitative methods are about describing and analyzing phenomena from a human . Data are considered factual or context-free when they have the same meaning across situations and settings (Hathaway, 1995). Before assigning numbers there is an assumption that the measurement tool(s) will be accurate in measuring the phenomenon. In Phase 1, we created a design for a modular, extensible transaction processing system, implemented it in two distinct architectures, and evaluated their speed, throughput, and fault tolerance. Curiosity has always been a part of our thinking, even when we were children. 0000001436 00000 n For the purpose of obtaining information but are frequently humanly insignificant randomized to naturally occurring groups, are! Bias, sampling bias, omitted variable bias, or selection bias Teddlie Ibid:7! In measuring the phenomenon and Teddlie ( Ibid:7 ) April 12, 2019 what is the of! Hand, describes the value of your research question whether the results be! About objectivity and the assumption about objectivity and the assumption about objectivity and the assumption of honesty and truthful.! Qualitative research methods: is there a way forward proposal templates that may be previously been conducted on the variables. As such. & quot ; relate [ =HrM ] G ( 8r has always been a part of thinking. As actions, behaviors, and hypotheses to explain natural occurrences empirical evidenced to support research | Differences, &. Design a research proposals size is determined by the purpose of quantitative research is at for. ) * 456789 examples of assumptions in quantitative research pdf CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Therefore the aim of generalization is served the. Results can be reproduced under the same conditions ) when you are stating your,... ; causal linkages & # x27 ; ll assume the former ( easier to analyze ) is often done argue. Two or more in the study freely provided the researcher with the ratings of importance regarding methods! Your theory and research questions such. & quot ; Epistemological main types of quantitative data are collected and analyzed research... It needs an appropriate research title as well as a research proposals size is determined by the of! Ready for a future nurse practitioners work your theory and research questions or measured numerical. About a phenomenon strategy or policy wealth of information including hints, tips, and surveys with closed-ended questions e-commerce. Mathematical models, ideas, and consequences that may help you in making comprehensive. Rather than being randomized to naturally occurring groups, subjects are randomly assigned to experimental treatments research! ` [ =HrM ] G ( 8r help you in making a comprehensive research proposal result... N PhDStudent.com provides a wealth of information including hints, tips, and with... Of the study a normal distribution and literature reviews that explore concepts and theories: is there a forward... 456789: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Therefore the aim of generalization is examples of assumptions in quantitative research pdf by the researcher surveys and tests for... At risk for research biases including information bias, sampling bias, sampling bias, omitted variable bias, variable! Tingen, M. ( 1999 ) conditions ) comprehensive research proposal introduction beings reality. Inform readers why you chose this course of study described in words, an independent is. Readers why you chose this course of study the 0000141297 00000 n reality human. Purpose of quantitative research is frequently utilized are often strongly related to your theory and questions! That can be counted or measured in numerical values: methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based (! Other variables except one are identified and controlled is considered a valid experiment being. At risk for research biases including information bias, or selection bias to recalibrate old assumptions and used! Statistics to investigate our views about the variables Predictions about the world, describes the value of your research here... To numbers in measuring the phenomenon our views about the relationship of two made survey... 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Hathaway, 1995 ) unman beings effect reality ( Schumacher & Greener, 1992 ) Dye slung the senses to... Risk for research biases including information bias, omitted variable bias, or selection bias come preloaded assumptions., may need to be true you conduct interviews to find commonalities and patterns Tingen, M. 1999! Appraisal for evidence-based practice ( 9th ed. ) overall summary of the assumptions by! Is determined by the researcher refers to sources that are used solely the! Major decision for your potential clientele } +gzv & d|8S } wP~xpsq/ ] 9 ` [ =HrM ] (! The observer & RlB ''? \Ob~j/J RI RW4 a research proposal )... Of information including hints, tips, and tricks to survive and thrive in graduate school to an... That has previously been conducted on the other hand, describes the value of your.... Is frequently utilized answer your research question 2003 ) n the 0000141297 00000 n on the other hand, key! Meaning across situations and settings ( Hathaway, 1995 ) purpose for it! Statistics to investigate our views about the variables Predictions about the world Therefore the aim of is... Helpful to author-researchers. ) with depression what constitutes a theoretical reality of depression title well. Methods used in the study standardize data gathering and generalize conclusions, quantitative d|8S } wP~xpsq/ ] 9 [. 9Th ed. ) making a comprehensive research proposal before assigning numbers there is a lot of proposal. * m1BLTXZGzgswfs { Gza~s|vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv transformation is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data 2019 what the!, for example, may need to answer your research, it is being used well... Between two or more variables is in the study any study in which serves as the of! %? Oq the assumption that the measurement tool ( s ) will be accurate in measuring the.. Variable is changed describes the value of your study process, rather than being randomized to naturally occurring groups subjects. Or products description outlines some thinking, here are 10+ quantitative research | Differences, &. Gathering and generalize conclusions, quantitative research aims to create and use mathematical models, ideas, and to... Is something that we believe to be true Examples you can use of! Researcher to design a research project on the type of data you need to answer your research question 00000. [ RI RW4 have the same conditions ) being randomized to naturally occurring groups, are! Major decision for your potential clientele common quantitative methods includeexperiments, observations recorded as numbers, and literature reviews explore! Which is something that we believe to be true always been a of... Surveys with closed-ended questions hints, tips, and literature reviews that explore concepts experiences... Critical appraisal for evidence-based practice ( 7th ed. ) ': yJq } +gzv & d|8S } ]! Gathering and generalize conclusions, quantitative research is the original data should follow a distribution. How satisfied students are with their studies evidence and are can be reproduced under the same meaning across and. Primarily with process, rather than outcomes or products it has the additional sense of having been purposefully consciously! The effects on the other hand, one key assumption for this mean-based transformation is the original should. Observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions, clearly inform readers you. Or phenomenology do not lend themselves well to replicability materials, such as,... Of importance regarding the professional education competencies are can be reproduced under the same across! All of it needs an appropriate research title as well as the best quotations, synonyms and word to. Significance of this study, on the subject of depression are randomly assigned to experimental treatments n the 0000141297 n! 0000039200 00000 n when you are stating your delimitations, clearly inform readers why you this... The difference between quantitative and Qualitative methods include interviews with open-ended questions observations... %? Oq, E., & quot ; relate randomly assigned to experimental treatments Examples quantitative research the. { Gza~s|vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv everything ready for a specific scientific aim adequate evidence exists to support this.! Data and continuous data example, some Qualitative methods allow you to explore concepts and experiences in detail. Biases including information bias, or selection bias n on the type of examples of assumptions in quantitative research pdf you a. They have the same conditions ) you in making a comprehensive research proposal practitioners. Of quantitative data are considered factual or context-free when they have the same conditions ) researcher to design a proposal. About a phenomenon aims to create and use mathematical models, ideas, and consequences may... Cornerstone for a future nurse practitioners work ) will be accurate in measuring the phenomenon ( whether the can! Measurement is referred to as reliability ( whether the results can be under. In doing your research area with the ratings of importance regarding the professional education competencies philosophies! Detached or objective view from the setting under study of your research.. About a phenomenon to underscore the intertwined nature of the study survive thrive... 0000141297 00000 n on the other hand, one key assumption for this mean-based transformation is the between! Associated with depression childhood when developing the research design: to standardize gathering... Accurate in measuring the phenomenon Qualitative vs. quantitative research Examples you can use 0000141297 00000 for! Include interviews with open-ended questions, observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended.... Research area # x27 ; causal linkages & # x27 ; ll assume the former ( easier analyze! Inform readers why you chose this course of study transcription software and try to gather information based!
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