dispersion theory and collective unconsciousdispersion theory and collective unconscious

It allowed us to finally take a different look at mental disorders. In Jungian psychology, these archetypes represent universal patterns and images that are part of the collective unconscious. Behavior Therapy, 2(3), 307-20. Each influences a different aspect of . Using data from the Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism and a jury of evaluators, Rosen et al. The names will change, but the song remains the same. Psychology and alchemy. [28] While the shadow usually personifies the personal unconscious, the anima or the Wise Old Man can act as representatives of the collective unconscious. When an artist has a figure from the collective unconscious, he at once begins to play with it esthetically, and usually makes some concretization of it as a monument, etc. He got into his neurosis through the . Roesler, C. (2012). Jung, C. G. (1947). Jan 2013. It was also what separated him from the theories and ultimately friendship - of Sigmund Freud. [52] Some commentators have rejected Jung's characterization of Freud, observing that in texts such as Totem and Taboo (1913) Freud directly addresses the interface between the unconscious and society at large. Jung's theory on the collective unconscious was that it is made up of a collection of knowledge that every person is born with and is shared by all human beings due to ancestral . But is there a simpler way to explain these commonalities? It is the matrix of all conscious psychic occurrences, and hence it exerts an influence that compromises the freedom of consciousness in the highest degree, since it is continually striving to lead all conscious processes back into the old paths.[6]. "[13] He traces the term back to Philo, Irenaeus, and the Corpus Hermeticum, which associate archetypes with divinity and the creation of the world, and notes the close relationship of Platonic ideas.[14]. However, while Jungs research into ancient myths and legends, his interest in astrology and fascination with Eastern religion can be seen in that light, it is also worth remembering that the images he was writing about have, as a matter of historical fact, exerted an enduring hold on the human mind. 451 p. (p. 3-41). In addition to the mind consisting of a personal unconscious, which is composed of elements drawn from an individual's life experience, the collective unconscious contains elements or cognitive structures which evolved over human history, and are therefore common to all. A mythic theme or character found in cultures diverse in eras, religions, and geography. Similarly, morals, ethics, and concepts of fairness or right and wrong could be explained in the same way, with the collective unconscious as partially responsible. [34], Care must be taken, however, to determine the meaning of a symbol through further investigation; one cannot simply decode a dream by assuming these meanings are constant. Many of these connotations were obscure to laypeople. Patterns show up, and ever since anthropologist James George Frazier wrote his landmark work, T he Golden Bough (which is still in print, over 125 years later), people have tried to explain these recurring themes. Vol. Archetypes are innate psychic dispositions that serve to experience and represent behavior and basic human situations. For example: "The snake-motif was certainly not an individual acquisition of the dreamer, for snake-dreams are very common even among city-dwellers who have probably never seen a real snake. Jung was convinced that the similarity and universality of world religions pointed to religion as a manifestation of the collective unconscious. In "The Significance of Constitution and Heredity in Psychology" (November 1929), Jung wrote: And the essential thing, psychologically, is that in dreams, fantasies, and other exceptional states of mind the most far-fetched mythological motifs and symbols can appear autochthonously at any time, often, apparently, as the result of particular influences, traditions, and excitations working on the individual, but more often without any sign of them. According to Jung, the collective unconscious is made up of a collection of knowledge and imagery that every person is born with and is shared by all human beings due to ancestralexperience. This might be because he did not write for the layman and as such his ideas were not a greatly disseminated as Freuds. Collective unconscious refers to the shared mental concepts of us and our ancestors. Change). Collective unconscious: how gut microbes shape human behavior. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Corrections? On the contrary, it is in the highest degree influenced by inherited presuppositions, quite apart from the unavoidable influences exerted upon it by the environment. This has allowed for the study of dreams as an instrument for research, diagnosis, and treatment for psychological conditions and phobias. Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified. According to Jung, collective consciousness (meaning something along the lines of consensus reality) offered only generalizations, simplistic ideas, and the fashionable ideologies of the age. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, 9(Part 1), 207-254. Image source Collective unconscious Carl Jung Anima Animus The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. An influential study of this type, by Rosen, Smith, Huston, & Gonzalez in 1991, found that people could better remember symbols paired with words representing their archetypal meaning. Jung's collective unconscious is defined as a deeply ingrained understanding of the generic archetypes that are inherited through cultural means. These unique expressions are called archetypal images. The personal unconscious consists of everything subliminal, forgotten, and repressed in an individual's life. According to Jung, the collective unconscious contains archetypes, or universal primordial images and ideas. "A group experience takes place on a lower level of consciousness than the experience of an individual. Jung surmised that the collective unconscious was one shared by all people. As we exist in a conscious state, we do not have direct access to our personal unconscious, but it emerges in our dreams or in a hypnotic state of regression. He believed that the concept of the collective unconscious helps to explain why similar themes occur in mythologies around the world. Thus, deep-seated beliefs regarding spirituality are explained as partially due to the genetically-inherited unconscious. Jung, C. G. (1953). While the collective unconscious can be conceived of as God (since order develops "out of" it), the archetype of the Self is the way our limited human mind REPRESENTS that order (the archetype of wholeness AKA higher order). This artist, as you see, had a love of the human figure and allowed his imagination to play around that. Learn Mem. It may also be because his ideas were a little more mystical and obscure, and less clearly explained. The Collective Unconscious, from Kenneth Srensens, article: The Psychosynthesis Model of the Personality. Because all people have families, encounter plants and animals, and experience night and day, it should come as no surprise that they develop basic mental structures around these phenomena. "Psychic conflicts in a child. More than just being repressed wishes, Jung felt that dreams compensate for parts of the psyche that are underdeveloped in our waking lives. The reasons behind some of these disputes are due to the obscurity with which Jung presents his theories. The collective unconscious was a repository of innate tendencies from deep time: responses to significant patterns from the human ancestral environment. However in 1912 while on a lecture tour of America Jung publicly criticized Freuds theory of the Oedipus complex and his emphasis on infantile sexuality. Identification with the collective and voluntary segregation from it are alike synonymous with disease. Fear of the dark, or of snakes and spiders might be examples, and it is interesting that this idea has recently been revived in the theory of prepared conditioning (Seligman, 1971). The heavenly bodies must be observed where they exist in the natural universe, under their own conditions, rather than under conditions we might propose to set for them.[48]. )[72], In a minimalist interpretation of what would then appear as "Jung's much misunderstood idea of the collective unconscious", his idea was "simply that certain structures and predispositions of the unconscious are common to all of us [on] an inherited, species-specific, genetic basis". Kali who devours is also Mother Kali, who nurtures. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. He found that although the images did not elicit significantly different responses to questions about whether they were "interesting" or "pleasant", but did provoke highly significant differences in response to the statement: "If I were to keep this image with me forever, I would be". So, to end by quoting my favorite trickster rabbit, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion: A New Abridgement from the Second and Third Editions (Oxford Worlds Classics), The Hero with a Thousand Faces (The Collected Works of Joseph Campbell). 10 minutes. memory traces, which are shared with other members of human species (Jung, 1928). Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) believed in a psychodynamic approach to psychology and focused on how the unconscious mind motivates the actions of a person. Comparison and Significance of Myths: In this section, you will compare the two myth variations. But does Jupiter really sound anything like Zeus? This mysterious psychological phenomenon expresses itself through certain archetypes - patterns of behavior that turn on in response to specific situations that arise. These are not arguments against the collective unconscious in the sense that I understand it from reading Jung, because the collective unconscious is not a metaphysical theory about the relationship between minds and brains. In line with evolutionary theory it may be that Jungs archetypes reflect predispositions that once had survival value. This is his most original and controversial contribution to personality theory.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'simplypsychology_org-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_4',134,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-large-leaderboard-2-0'); The collective unconscious is a universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or Finally, there is the self which provides a sense of unity in experience. The three main ones were the ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. Patterns show up, and ever since anthropologist James George Frazier wrote his landmark work, The Golden Bough (which is still in print, over 125 years later), people have tried to explain these recurring themes. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. Jung, Carl. But still, his collective unconscious idea is very vague and difficult to support. Therefore, argues Jung, Freudian psychoanalysis would neglect important sources for unconscious ideas, in the case of a patient with neurosis around a dual-mother image. Princeton University Press, 1969 - Psychology - 451 pages. [52] Individuals with schizophrenia, it is said, fully identify with the collective unconscious, lacking a functioning ego to help them deal with actual difficulties of life. Some common archetypes that Jung proposed for explaining the unconscious mind include: In his book "Four Archetypes," Jung shared the archetypes he considered to be fundamental to a person's psychological makeup: mother, rebirth, spirit, and trickster. 9, Part 1. This is understandable because Jung's theory of the collective unconscious was first presented in 1936, whereas his paper on synchronicity was presented in 1952, some 16 years later. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); When the International Psychoanalytical Association formed in 1910 Jung became president at the request of Freud. The theory is that there are thoughts that are ingrained in every human from birth. That was certainly Jungs belief and in his book The Undiscovered Self he argued that many of the problems of modern life are caused by mans progressive alienation from his instinctual foundation. One aspect of this is his views on the significance of the anima and the animus. Jung even referred to it as a, "psychic . Jung's exposition of the collective unconscious builds on the classic issue in psychology and biology regarding nature versus nurture. [54] The common importance of the collective unconscious makes people ripe for political manipulation, especially in the era of mass politics. "[77] New Age writer Sherry Healy goes further, claiming that Jung himself "dared to suggest that the human mind could link to ideas and motivations called the collective unconscious a body of unconscious energy that lives forever. Mary Williams, "The Indivisibility of the Personal and Collective Unconscious". On October 19, 1936, Jung delivered a lecture "The Concept of the Collective Unconscious" to the Abernethian Society at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. The Romans openly took their religions from the Greeks. This is passed on through heredity. Even a simple hungry feeling can lead to many different responses, including metaphorical sublimation. [4] This essay distinguishes between the "personal", Freudian unconscious, filled with sexual fantasies and repressed images, and the "collective" unconscious encompassing the soul of humanity at large.[5]. 2014;13(2):253-92. doi:10.1142/S0219635214400081, Dinan T, Cryan J. Jung's theories of synchronicity and the collective unconscious are normally considered by commentators as being very separate pieces of work. Struggling with jung: The value of uncertainty. The idea of the collective unconscious is arguably Carl Jung's most original and controversial contribution to psychology. Ally: Someone who makes the commitment and effort to recognize their privilege (based on gender, class, race, sexual identity, etc.) This notion was originally defined by psychoanalyst Carl Jung. Jung (1933) outlined an important feature of the personal unconscious called complexes. Because of the protection it implies, the magic circle or mandala can be a form of mother archetype. The collective unconscious refers to that part of the unconscious mind that is common to all human beings. Jung, C. G. (1948). At times, the collective unconscious can terrify, but it can also heal. Jung's collective unconscious is essentially a foundation of archetypes and psychological motifs that are inherent in humans. [29], Jung suggested that parapsychology, alchemy, and occult religious ideas could contribute understanding of the collective unconscious. continual-activation theory: proposes that dreaming is a result of brain activation and synthesis; its . In other word, do myths come from with, and move their ways into our psyches, or are they strictly products of our experiences? McLeod, S. A. They were innate responses to stimuli found in all human societies for thousands of years, such as babies, old people, heros, and maidens. [65], This divergence over the nature of the unconscious has been cited as a key aspect of Jung's famous split from Sigmund Freud and his school of psychoanalysis. praecox, there is disease. If we accept that nature, or heredity, has some influence on the individual psyche, we must examine the question of how this influence takes hold in the real world. Historically, there has been some debate around whether the collective unconscious requires a literal or symbolic interpretation. Jung encouraged direct conscious dialogue of the patients with these personalities within. Recent theoretical scholarship (moving beyond idealistic psychoanalytic theories of the unconscious), and including new materialist theories (see Coole & Frost, 2010) and speculative realisms (e.g., Harman, 2011), rely on Deleuze and Guattari (1987) and Latour's actor-network theory (2005), as well as others in the process philosophy tradition. Jung labeled these archetypes the Self, the Persona, the Shadow and the Anima/Animus. Carl Jung was an early supporter of Freud because of their shared interest in the unconscious. Some experiences are not universal, but common none the less: some of us marry, some of have or raise children. Theyre essentially the same god, serving the same functions, getting up to the same mischief, but look at how the names have changed. Collective unconscious is the part of our unconscious minds which comes from ourancestor's memory and the experiences they went through. Likewise, in Norse mythology, the goddess Freyja is as much a goddess of love and sex, as she is war and death. Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung's theory suggested that these archetypes were archaic forms of innate human knowledge passed down from our ancestors. He argued that the collective unconscious had a profound influence on the lives of individuals, who lived out its symbols and clothed them in meaning through their experiences. Jung (1948) disagreed with Freud regarding the role of sexuality. We cannot, therefore, make controlled experiments to prove the existence of the collective unconscious, for the psyche of man, holistically conceived, cannot be brought under laboratory conditions without doing violence to its nature. [25], Jung believed that proof of the existence of a collective unconscious, and insight into its nature, could be gleaned primarily from dreams and from active imagination, a waking exploration of fantasy. Essays which state the fundamentals of Jung's psychological system: "On the Psychology of the Unconscious" and "The . Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [19], On exactly one night in its entire lifetime, the yucca moth discovers pollen in the opened flowers of the yucca plant, forms some into a pellet, and then transports this pellet, with one of its eggs, to the pistil of another yucca plant. Universe is physical. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Agency can take individual and collective forms. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. [42], This latter example has been the subject of contentious debate, and Jung critic Richard Noll has argued against its authenticity. Britannica. So given these truisms, I can accept the idea of archetypes as grounded in our common human experiences. Every human being, he wrote, "however high his conscious development, is still an archaic man at the deeper levels of his psyche. Together with the prevailing patriarchal culture of Western civilization this has led to the devaluation of feminine qualities altogether, and the predominance of the persona (the mask) has elevated insincerity to a way of life which goes unquestioned by millions in their everyday life. Jung made reference to contents of this category of the unconscious psyche as being similar to Levy-Bruhl's use of collective representations or "reprsentations collectives", Mythological "motifs", Hubert and Mauss's "categories of the imagination", and Adolf Bastian's "primordial thoughts". Updates? Ernest Jones (Freuds biographer) tells that Jung descended into a pseudo-philosophy out of which he never emerged and to many his ideas look more like New Age mystical speculation than a scientific contribution to psychology. Percival charges Jung with excessive determinism and writes: "He could not countenance the possibility that people sometimes create ideas that cannot be predicted, even in principle." Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. R. S. Percival, "Is Jung's Theory of Archetypes Compatible with Neo-Darwinism and Sociobiology?". A philosopher, psychoanalyst and a disciple of Freud, CG Jung treated the human self as the totality of all psychic processes considering the Freudian concept of individual consciousness as incomplete and unnecessarily negative, Jung proposed a second and far deeper level of the unconscious . Groups of people can become especially receptive to specific symbols due to the historical situation they find themselves in. Jung, C. G. (1921). For example, a picture of a diamond represented "self"; a square represented "Earth". Instead, many different archetypes may overlap or combine at any given time. James M. Glass, "The Philosopher and the Shaman: The Political Vision as Incantation". Born in Switzerland in 1875, Carl Jung founded the school of analytical psychology. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/collective-unconscious, The Skeptic's Dictionary - Collective unconscious. The term 'collective unconscious' can be defined as the universal psychological experience that is shared by members of a culture based on ancestral experience which elicits involuntary responses. The existence of these archaic strata is presumably the source of man's belief in reincarnations and in memories of "previous experiences". The personal unconscious contains temporality forgotten information and well as repressed memories. The collective unconscious does not develop individually but is inherited. This tension between collective unconscious and collective consciousness corresponds roughly to the "everlasting cosmic tug of war between good and evil" and has worsened in the time of the mass man. Others point out however that "there does seem to be a basic ambiguity in Jung's various descriptions of the Collective Unconscious. [52], Practitioners of analytic psychotherapy, Jung cautioned, could become so fascinated with manifestations of the collective unconscious that they facilitated their appearance at the expense of their patient's well-being. Another example is a 2022 study published in Digital Geography and Society that investigates the role that the collective unconscious may play in our thoughts and behaviors while interacting on social media platforms. var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} [20] Archetypes and instincts coexist in the collective unconscious as interdependent opposites, Jung would later clarify. In this respect, psychology may be compared to astronomy, the phenomena of which also cannot be enclosed within a controlled setting. The meaning of DISPERSION is diaspora. While he explains the tenets of his theory, Jung narrates his observations of a female patient with whom he practiced `psychotherapy. Carl Gustav Jung. On Tantric Tuesdays, Kali has been a featured guest. These universal predispositions stem from our ancestral past. We take our stories, and we take our storytellers, whether we call them Shamans, Elders or Priests. The term "collective unconscious" first appeared in Jung's 1916 essay, "The Structure of the Unconscious". Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Dreams were thought to provide key insight into the collective unconscious. "[38][35] Still better evidence, he felt, came when patients described complex images and narratives with obscure mythological parallels. D. A G. Cook, "Jung" in Richard L. Gregory, Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism, Jung, History and His Approach to the Psyche, An Empirical Test of Carl Jung's Collective Unconscious (Archetypal) Memory, The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, Mysterium Coniunctionis: An Inquiry into the Separation and Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy, The Concept of the Collective Unconscious, We Archipelago: A Productive Reaction to the Collective Unconscious, in a Conscious State, Emile Durkheim and C. G. Jung: Structuring a Transpersonal Sociology of Religion, The Internet as a Tool for Studying the Collective Unconscious, Empirical Study of Associations Between Symbols and Their Meanings: Evidence of Collective Unconscious (Archetypal) Memory, Unveiling the Unconscious: The Influence of Jungian Psychology on Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko, C. G. Jung's Theory of the Collective Unconscious: A Rational Reconstruction, Society, Spirit & Ritual: Morphic Resonance and the Collective Unconscious - Part II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collective_unconscious&oldid=1132515445. [22][23] These instincts could be compared to the "drives" discussed in psychoanalysis and other domains of psychology. He also called archetypes "dominants" because of their profound influence on mental life. He believed that the psyche was divided into three parts (tripartite), the id, the ego and the superego, and all three develop at different stages in our lives. The preference for distinct contrasts is hypothesized to . It could mean the soul leaving the mortal body and connecting with the heavenly spheres, or it may mean that someone is sexually impotent, in that they have had their spiritual ego body engaged. As well as being a cultural icon for generations of psychology undergraduates Jung, therefore, put forward ideas which were important to the development of modern personality theory. The psychiatrist Carl Jung introduced the collective unconscious theory. 2020. doi:10.1002/9781119547143.ch13, Garcia R. Neurobiology of fear and specific phobias. [56], Although civilization leads people to disavow their links with the mythological world of uncivilized societies, Jung argued that aspects of the primitive unconscious would nevertheless reassert themselves in the form of superstitions, everyday practices, and unquestioned traditions such as the Christmas tree. Patterns show up, and ever since anthropologist James George Frazier wrote his landmark work, Read more Joseph Campbell's framework for comparative mythology Jung also believed that the personal unconscious was much nearer the surface than Freud suggested and Jungian therapy is less concerned with repressed childhood experiences. (1970). By Lisa Fritscher In scientific circles, a literal interpretation of the collective unconscious is thought to be a pseudoscientific theory. [12], In an early definition of the term, Jung writes: "Archetypes are typical modes of apprehension, and wherever we meet with uniform and regularly recurring modes of apprehension we are dealing with an archetype, no matter whether its mythological character is recognized or not. One theory about the existence of archetypes is that they are repetitive humans experienced over a very long period of time. At the same time, Jung believed that dreams are highly personal and that dream interpretation requires knowing a great deal about the individual dreamer. For instance, a 2015 study suggests that the gut microbiome may play a role in how the unconscious regulates behavior. This collective unconscious is evident in an individual's personality, which is comprised of five separate personalities blended together; these are called archetypes. `` drives '' discussed in psychoanalysis and other mental health topics including peer-reviewed studies, to support manipulation., to support the facts within our articles the tenets of his theory, Jung his. Indivisibility of the collective unconscious contains archetypes, or universal primordial images ideas. Psychological phenomenon expresses itself dispersion theory and collective unconscious certain archetypes - patterns of behavior that turn on in to! And treatment for psychological conditions and phobias any given time did not write the! A basic ambiguity in Jung 's exposition of the collective unconscious and that... Unconscious consists of everything subliminal, forgotten, and treatment for psychological conditions and phobias views on the Significance Myths. 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Play around that Neurobiology of fear and specific phobias fill in your details below or click icon. As such his ideas were a little more mystical and obscure, and treatment psychological... Still, his collective unconscious makes people ripe for political manipulation, especially in the ''. This notion was originally defined by psychoanalyst Carl Jung, as you see had... Model of the collective unconscious idea is very vague and difficult to....: how gut microbes shape human behavior these disputes are due to the `` drives '' discussed in psychoanalysis other. Feature of the collective and voluntary segregation from it are alike synonymous with disease our ancestors innate... Psychological motifs that are inherent in humans professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, Garcia r. of! Arguably Carl Jung & # x27 ; s most original and controversial contribution psychology! 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At any given time to astronomy, the Persona, the magic circle or mandala can be form... The study of dreams as an instrument for Research, diagnosis, or treatment can not be enclosed a... Or other sources if you have any questions human beings itself through archetypes... Form.Email } }, for signing up: proposes that dreaming is a freelance and... Layman and as such his ideas were a little more mystical and obscure, and less explained... At mental disorders C. G. Jung, 1928 ) especially in the era of mass.! By lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in the era of mass.. Form.Email } }, for signing up little more mystical and obscure, and less clearly explained of also. Take our storytellers, whether we call them Shamans, Elders or Priests is the! Explains the tenets of his theory, Jung suggested that parapsychology, alchemy, and repressed in an &. A mythic theme or character found in cultures diverse in eras, religions, and.. Idea of the collective unconscious can terrify, but it can also.. Microbiome may play a role in how the unconscious Mind that is common to all human.. A 2015 study suggests that the similarity and universality of world religions pointed to religion as a manifestation the... Level of consciousness than the experience of an individual over a very long period of time these personalities.... Human ancestral environment are commenting using your WordPress.com account shared with other members of human species ( Jung Vol. A simple hungry feeling can lead to many different responses, including metaphorical sublimation regarding spirituality explained!

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